Some early books tell that while reciting Surah al-Najm the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) praised the idols al-Lat, al-Uzza and Manat, at Satan's prompting, and later withdrew the words. Critics say this shows that Satan could speak through him, so his revelation cannot be trusted.
“Narrated Ibn `Abbas: The Prophet performed a prostration when he finished reciting Surat-an-Najm, and all the Muslims and pagans and Jinns and human beings prostrated along with him.”Sahih al-Bukhari 4862, grading: Sahih (in Sahih al-Bukhari). English translation as given on sunnah.com
Sahih al-Bukhari records the prostration at the end of Surah al-Najm, which the Quraysh joined. It contains no praise of idols. The words of praise appear only in reports outside the major collections.
Ibn Kathir wrote, commenting on Quran 22:52, that these reports "all come through Mursal chains of narration", meaning the link to an eyewitness is missing, "and I do not think that any of them may be regarded as Sahih." Al-Qadi Iyad gave the fullest rejection in al-Shifa, and Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and al-Qurtubi rejected it as well. In modern times Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Albani wrote a treatise against it, Nasb al-Majaniq li-Nasf Qissat al-Gharaniq. IslamQA summarizes: the chain is very weak, and the Prophet was protected from error in conveying the message.
For fairness: Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani held that the number of separate routes suggested the story had some basis. Even he did not accept that the Prophet himself praised the idols; like other scholars he explained it as Satan making the idolaters hear words that the Prophet did not say.
So have you considered al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā? And Manāt, the third - the other one? Is the male for you and for Him the female? That, then, is an unjust division. They are not but [mere] names you have named them - you and your forefathers - for which Allah has sent down no authority. They follow not except assumption and what [their] souls desire, and there has already come to them from their Lord guidance.Quran 53:19-23, Sahih International
The verses that mention the three idols go straight on to condemn them: they are "but names you have named them", with no authority from God. Praise of those idols inserted between these verses would contradict the very next lines, which is one reason scholars from Muhammad Abduh to Muhammad Husayn Haykal judged the story impossible in context. The same surah opens by saying the Prophet "does not speak from his own inclination" (Quran 53:3).
And if he [i.e., Muḥammad] had made up about Us some [false] sayings, We would have seized him by the right hand; Then We would have cut from him the aorta. And there is no one of you who could prevent [Us] from him.Quran 69:44-47, Sahih International
And indeed, they were about to tempt you away from that which We revealed to you in order to [make] you invent about Us something else; and then they would have taken you as a friend. And if We had not strengthened you, you would have almost inclined to them a little.Quran 17:73-74, Sahih International
Quran 17:74 says the opposite of what the story claims: that God strengthened the Prophet so that he did not incline to the idolaters even a little.
Now therefore, behold, Yahweh has put a lying spirit in the mouth of all these your prophets; and Yahweh has spoken evil concerning you.”1 Kings 22:23, World English Bible (public domain)
“‘“If the prophet is deceived and speaks a word, I, Yahweh, have deceived that prophet, and I will stretch out my hand on him, and will destroy him from among my people Israel.Ezekiel 14:9, World English Bible (public domain)
He said to him, “I also am a prophet as you are; and an angel spoke to me by Yahweh’s word, saying, ‘Bring him back with you into your house, that he may eat bread and drink water.’” He lied to him.1 Kings 13:18, World English Bible (public domain)
The critics' own scripture says that God put a lying spirit in the mouths of a king's prophets, that if a prophet is deceived it is God who deceived him, and that a man of God was misled by another prophet who claimed an angel had spoken to him. Jews and Christians do not conclude from these passages that their scripture cannot be trusted. Yet the Quran's text contains no such praise at all, and the story is supported only by chains that Muslim scholars rejected centuries before modern critics took it up.
Quran quotations: Sahih International via quran.com. Hadith quotations: the English translations and gradings shown on sunnah.com. Bible quotations: World English Bible (public domain).